原文链接: https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/maximum-score-words-formed-by-letters
英文原文
Given a list of words
, list of single letters
(might be repeating) and score
of every character.
Return the maximum score of any valid set of words formed by using the given letters (words[i]
cannot be used two or more times).
It is not necessary to use all characters in letters
and each letter can only be used once. Score of letters 'a'
, 'b'
, 'c'
, ... ,'z'
is given by score[0]
, score[1]
, ... , score[25]
respectively.
Example 1:
Input: words = ["dog","cat","dad","good"], letters = ["a","a","c","d","d","d","g","o","o"], score = [1,0,9,5,0,0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0] Output: 23 Explanation: Score a=1, c=9, d=5, g=3, o=2 Given letters, we can form the words "dad" (5+1+5) and "good" (3+2+2+5) with a score of 23. Words "dad" and "dog" only get a score of 21.
Example 2:
Input: words = ["xxxz","ax","bx","cx"], letters = ["z","a","b","c","x","x","x"], score = [4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,10] Output: 27 Explanation: Score a=4, b=4, c=4, x=5, z=10 Given letters, we can form the words "ax" (4+5), "bx" (4+5) and "cx" (4+5) with a score of 27. Word "xxxz" only get a score of 25.
Example 3:
Input: words = ["leetcode"], letters = ["l","e","t","c","o","d"], score = [0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0] Output: 0 Explanation: Letter "e" can only be used once.
Constraints:
1 <= words.length <= 14
1 <= words[i].length <= 15
1 <= letters.length <= 100
letters[i].length == 1
score.length == 26
0 <= score[i] <= 10
words[i]
,letters[i]
contains only lower case English letters.
中文题目
你将会得到一份单词表 words
,一个字母表 letters
(可能会有重复字母),以及每个字母对应的得分情况表 score
。
请你帮忙计算玩家在单词拼写游戏中所能获得的「最高得分」:能够由 letters
里的字母拼写出的 任意 属于 words
单词子集中,分数最高的单词集合的得分。
单词拼写游戏的规则概述如下:
- 玩家需要用字母表
letters
里的字母来拼写单词表words
中的单词。 - 可以只使用字母表
letters
中的部分字母,但是每个字母最多被使用一次。 - 单词表
words
中每个单词只能计分(使用)一次。 - 根据字母得分情况表
score
,字母'a'
,'b'
,'c'
, ... ,'z'
对应的得分分别为score[0]
,score[1]
, ...,score[25]
。 - 本场游戏的「得分」是指:玩家所拼写出的单词集合里包含的所有字母的得分之和。
示例 1:
输入:words = ["dog","cat","dad","good"], letters = ["a","a","c","d","d","d","g","o","o"], score = [1,0,9,5,0,0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0] 输出:23 解释: 字母得分为 a=1, c=9, d=5, g=3, o=2 使用给定的字母表 letters,我们可以拼写单词 "dad" (5+1+5)和 "good" (3+2+2+5),得分为 23 。 而单词 "dad" 和 "dog" 只能得到 21 分。
示例 2:
输入:words = ["xxxz","ax","bx","cx"], letters = ["z","a","b","c","x","x","x"], score = [4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,10] 输出:27 解释: 字母得分为 a=4, b=4, c=4, x=5, z=10 使用给定的字母表 letters,我们可以组成单词 "ax" (4+5), "bx" (4+5) 和 "cx" (4+5) ,总得分为 27 。 单词 "xxxz" 的得分仅为 25 。
示例 3:
输入:words = ["leetcode"], letters = ["l","e","t","c","o","d"], score = [0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0] 输出:0 解释: 字母 "e" 在字母表 letters 中只出现了一次,所以无法组成单词表 words 中的单词。
提示:
1 <= words.length <= 14
1 <= words[i].length <= 15
1 <= letters.length <= 100
letters[i].length == 1
score.length == 26
0 <= score[i] <= 10
words[i]
和letters[i]
只包含小写的英文字母。
通过代码
高赞题解
解题思路:
- 提供的字母集合,每个字母只能用一次
- 提供的单词集合,每个单词也只能用一次
- 单词集合的大小,
1 <= words[i].length <= 15
- 枚举 words 子集总共
2^15
种情况 - 对每一种情况统计使用了哪些字母
- 如果字母超出范围了,就不符合要求
- 否则按照字母表计算得分
- 记录最大得分
位压缩:
- 对于单词集合中每一个词,都可以选择,用/不用
所以就可以用位
0/1
来表示 - 单词集合中每个单词都表示出来,总和就是 $2^N$ 种
可以用
1 << N
来表示 - 当遍历到其中一个组合时,其数字的二进制位表示的就是各个单词的使用状态
比如 5,二进制 101,代表第 0 个和第 2 个单词使用,第 1 个单词不使用
- 检查时,对于第
i
个单词,使用1 << i
,得到二进制除了第i
位(顺序是从右至左)其余全 0 的数字比如第 2 个单词,
1 << 2
之后得到 4(二进制 100) - 再与状态位进行&操作,得到是否使用
4(二进制100)与刚才的 5(二进制101)&操作,得到 true
代码:
// 将第(bit)种组合情况,所使用的单词中的字母数量统计出来
vector<int> group(vector<string>& words, int bit)
{
vector<int> g(26, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < words.size(); i++)
{
if (!(bit & (1 << i))) continue;
for (auto c : words[i])
{
g[c - 'a']++;
}
}
return g;
}
// 根据规则计算得分
int calcScore(vector<int>& group, vector<int>& lettercnt, vector<int>& score)
{
int s = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < 26; j++)
{
if (lettercnt[j] < group[j]) return 0;
s += group[j] * score[j];
}
return s;
}
int maxScoreWords(vector<string>& words, vector<char>& letters, vector<int>& score)
{
// 统计给出的字母的数量
vector<int> lettercnt(26, 0);
for (auto c : letters)
{
lettercnt[c - 'a']++;
}
int ans = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < (1 << words.size()); i++)
{
auto g = group(words, i);
ans = max(ans, calcScore(g, lettercnt, score));
}
return ans;
}
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统计信息
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