英文原文
Given two strings word1
and word2
, return the minimum number of operations required to convert word1
to word2
.
You have the following three operations permitted on a word:
- Insert a character
- Delete a character
- Replace a character
Example 1:
Input: word1 = "horse", word2 = "ros" Output: 3 Explanation: horse -> rorse (replace 'h' with 'r') rorse -> rose (remove 'r') rose -> ros (remove 'e')
Example 2:
Input: word1 = "intention", word2 = "execution" Output: 5 Explanation: intention -> inention (remove 't') inention -> enention (replace 'i' with 'e') enention -> exention (replace 'n' with 'x') exention -> exection (replace 'n' with 'c') exection -> execution (insert 'u')
Constraints:
0 <= word1.length, word2.length <= 500
word1
andword2
consist of lowercase English letters.
中文题目
给你两个单词 word1
和 word2
,请你计算出将 word1
转换成 word2
所使用的最少操作数 。
你可以对一个单词进行如下三种操作:
- 插入一个字符
- 删除一个字符
- 替换一个字符
示例 1:
输入:word1 = "horse", word2 = "ros" 输出:3 解释: horse -> rorse (将 'h' 替换为 'r') rorse -> rose (删除 'r') rose -> ros (删除 'e')
示例 2:
输入:word1 = "intention", word2 = "execution" 输出:5 解释: intention -> inention (删除 't') inention -> enention (将 'i' 替换为 'e') enention -> exention (将 'n' 替换为 'x') exention -> exection (将 'n' 替换为 'c') exection -> execution (插入 'u')
提示:
0 <= word1.length, word2.length <= 500
word1
和word2
由小写英文字母组成
通过代码
高赞题解
动态规划:
dp[i][j]
代表 word1
到 i
位置转换成 word2
到 j
位置需要最少步数
所以,
当 word1[i] == word2[j]
,dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]
;
当 word1[i] != word2[j]
,dp[i][j] = min(dp[i-1][j-1], dp[i-1][j], dp[i][j-1]) + 1
其中,dp[i-1][j-1]
表示替换操作,dp[i-1][j]
表示删除操作,dp[i][j-1]
表示插入操作。
注意,针对第一行,第一列要单独考虑,我们引入 ''
下图所示:
{:width=”360”}
{:align=center}
第一行,是 word1
为空变成 word2
最少步数,就是插入操作
第一列,是 word2
为空,需要的最少步数,就是删除操作
再附上自顶向下的方法,大家可以提供 Java 版吗?
代码:
自底向上
class Solution:
def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
n1 = len(word1)
n2 = len(word2)
dp = [[0] * (n2 + 1) for _ in range(n1 + 1)]
# 第一行
for j in range(1, n2 + 1):
dp[0][j] = dp[0][j-1] + 1
# 第一列
for i in range(1, n1 + 1):
dp[i][0] = dp[i-1][0] + 1
for i in range(1, n1 + 1):
for j in range(1, n2 + 1):
if word1[i-1] == word2[j-1]:
dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]
else:
dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j-1], dp[i-1][j], dp[i-1][j-1] ) + 1
#print(dp)
return dp[-1][-1]
class Solution {
public int minDistance(String word1, String word2) {
int n1 = word1.length();
int n2 = word2.length();
int[][] dp = new int[n1 + 1][n2 + 1];
// 第一行
for (int j = 1; j <= n2; j++) dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + 1;
// 第一列
for (int i = 1; i <= n1; i++) dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n1; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= n2; j++) {
if (word1.charAt(i - 1) == word2.charAt(j - 1)) dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
else dp[i][j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[i - 1][j - 1], dp[i][j - 1]), dp[i - 1][j]) + 1;
}
}
return dp[n1][n2];
}
}
自顶向下
import functools
class Solution:
@functools.lru_cache(None)
def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
if not word1 or not word2:
return len(word1) + len(word2)
if word1[0] == word2[0]:
return self.minDistance(word1[1:], word2[1:])
else:
inserted = 1 + self.minDistance(word1, word2[1:])
deleted = 1 + self.minDistance(word1[1:], word2)
replace = 1 + self.minDistance(word1[1:], word2[1:])
return min(inserted, deleted, replace)
@shu-xie-fan的建议,由于字符串切片是 $O(n)$,所以改成用了索引号。
class Solution:
def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
import functools
@functools.lru_cache(None)
def helper(i, j):
if i == len(word1) or j == len(word2):
return len(word1) - i + len(word2) - j
if word1[i] == word2[j]:
return helper(i + 1, j + 1)
else:
inserted = helper(i, j + 1)
deleted = helper(i + 1, j)
replaced = helper(i + 1, j + 1)
return min(inserted, deleted, replaced) + 1
return helper(0, 0)
统计信息
通过次数 | 提交次数 | AC比率 |
---|---|---|
191444 | 311490 | 61.5% |
提交历史
提交时间 | 提交结果 | 执行时间 | 内存消耗 | 语言 |
---|
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不相交的线 | 中等 |