1488-避免洪水泛滥(Avoid Flood in The City)

原文链接: https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/avoid-flood-in-the-city

英文原文

Your country has an infinite number of lakes. Initially, all the lakes are empty, but when it rains over the nth lake, the nth lake becomes full of water. If it rains over a lake which is full of water, there will be a flood. Your goal is to avoid the flood in any lake.

Given an integer array rains where:

rains[i] > 0 means there will be rains over the rains[i] lake.
rains[i] == 0 means there are no rains this day and you can choose one lake this day and dry it.

Return an array ans where:

ans.length == rains.length
ans[i] == -1 if rains[i] > 0.
ans[i] is the lake you choose to dry in the ith day if rains[i] == 0.

If there are multiple valid answers return any of them. If it is impossible to avoid flood return an empty array.

Notice that if you chose to dry a full lake, it becomes empty, but if you chose to dry an empty lake, nothing changes. (see example 4)

Example 1:

Input: rains = [1,2,3,4]
Output: [-1,-1,-1,-1]
Explanation: After the first day full lakes are [1]
After the second day full lakes are [1,2]
After the third day full lakes are [1,2,3]
After the fourth day full lakes are [1,2,3,4]
There's no day to dry any lake and there is no flood in any lake.

Example 2:

Input: rains = [1,2,0,0,2,1]
Output: [-1,-1,2,1,-1,-1]
Explanation: After the first day full lakes are [1]
After the second day full lakes are [1,2]
After the third day, we dry lake 2. Full lakes are [1]
After the fourth day, we dry lake 1. There is no full lakes.
After the fifth day, full lakes are [2].
After the sixth day, full lakes are [1,2].
It is easy that this scenario is flood-free. [-1,-1,1,2,-1,-1] is another acceptable scenario.

Example 3:

Input: rains = [1,2,0,1,2]
Output: []
Explanation: After the second day, full lakes are  [1,2]. We have to dry one lake in the third day.
After that, it will rain over lakes [1,2]. It's easy to prove that no matter which lake you choose to dry in the 3rd day, the other one will flood.

Example 4:

Input: rains = [69,0,0,0,69]
Output: [-1,69,1,1,-1]
Explanation: Any solution on one of the forms [-1,69,x,y,-1], [-1,x,69,y,-1] or [-1,x,y,69,-1] is acceptable where 1 <= x,y <= 10^9

Example 5:

Input: rains = [10,20,20]
Output: []
Explanation: It will rain over lake 20 two consecutive days. There is no chance to dry any lake.

Constraints:

1 <= rains.length <= 10⁵
0 <= rains[i] <= 10⁹

中文题目

你的国家有无数个湖泊，所有湖泊一开始都是空的。当第 n 个湖泊下雨的时候，如果第 n 个湖泊是空的，那么它就会装满水，否则这个湖泊会发生洪水。你的目标是避免任意一个湖泊发生洪水。

给你一个整数数组 rains ，其中：

rains[i] > 0 表示第 i 天时，第 rains[i] 个湖泊会下雨。
rains[i] == 0 表示第 i 天没有湖泊会下雨，你可以选择一个湖泊并抽干这个湖泊的水。

请返回一个数组 ans ，满足：

ans.length == rains.length
如果 rains[i] > 0 ，那么ans[i] == -1 。
如果 rains[i] == 0 ，ans[i] 是你第 i 天选择抽干的湖泊。

如果有多种可行解，请返回它们中的 任意一个 。如果没办法阻止洪水，请返回一个 空的数组 。

请注意，如果你选择抽干一个装满水的湖泊，它会变成一个空的湖泊。但如果你选择抽干一个空的湖泊，那么将无事发生（详情请看示例 4）。

示例 1：

输入：rains = [1,2,3,4]
输出：[-1,-1,-1,-1]
解释：第一天后，装满水的湖泊包括 [1]
第二天后，装满水的湖泊包括 [1,2]
第三天后，装满水的湖泊包括 [1,2,3]
第四天后，装满水的湖泊包括 [1,2,3,4]
没有哪一天你可以抽干任何湖泊的水，也没有湖泊会发生洪水。

示例 2：

输入：rains = [1,2,0,0,2,1]
输出：[-1,-1,2,1,-1,-1]
解释：第一天后，装满水的湖泊包括 [1]
第二天后，装满水的湖泊包括 [1,2]
第三天后，我们抽干湖泊 2 。所以剩下装满水的湖泊包括 [1]
第四天后，我们抽干湖泊 1 。所以暂时没有装满水的湖泊了。
第五天后，装满水的湖泊包括 [2]。
第六天后，装满水的湖泊包括 [1,2]。
可以看出，这个方案下不会有洪水发生。同时， [-1,-1,1,2,-1,-1] 也是另一个可行的没有洪水的方案。

示例 3：

输入：rains = [1,2,0,1,2]
输出：[]
解释：第二天后，装满水的湖泊包括 [1,2]。我们可以在第三天抽干一个湖泊的水。
但第三天后，湖泊 1 和 2 都会再次下雨，所以不管我们第三天抽干哪个湖泊的水，另一个湖泊都会发生洪水。

示例 4：

输入：rains = [69,0,0,0,69]
输出：[-1,69,1,1,-1]
解释：任何形如 [-1,69,x,y,-1], [-1,x,69,y,-1] 或者 [-1,x,y,69,-1] 都是可行的解，其中 1 <= x,y <= 10^9

示例 5：

输入：rains = [10,20,20]
输出：[]
解释：由于湖泊 20 会连续下 2 天的雨，所以没有没有办法阻止洪水。

提示：

1 <= rains.length <= 10^5
0 <= rains[i] <= 10^9

通过代码

高赞题解

解题思路：

将晴天的日期全部记录到 set<int> zero 中
使用 unordered_map<int, int> water 来记录每个湖泊上一次下雨的日期
遇到晴天时先不用管抽哪个湖
当下雨时，湖泊已经水满了时，我们可以查询到上次下雨的日期
通过这个日期在晴天记录中查找对应的晴天日期
1. 在有序数据中查找，用二分啦
如果找到了，就可以使用那一天抽水，找不到就不可避免的洪水了

答题

[]
vector<int> avoidFlood(vector<int>& rains) {
    vector<int> ans(rains.size(), 1);
    unordered_map<int, int> water;
    set<int> zero;

    for (int i = 0; i < rains.size(); i++) {
        int r = rains[i];

        if (r == 0) {
            zero.insert(i);
            continue;
        }

        if (water.count(r) != 0) {
            auto it = zero.lower_bound(water[r]);
            if (it == zero.end()) return {};
            ans[*it] = r;
            zero.erase(it);
        }
        water[r] = i;
        ans[i] = -1;
    }

    return ans;
}