英文原文
A kingdom consists of a king, his children, his grandchildren, and so on. Every once in a while, someone in the family dies or a child is born.
The kingdom has a well-defined order of inheritance that consists of the king as the first member. Let's define the recursive function Successor(x, curOrder)
, which given a person x
and the inheritance order so far, returns who should be the next person after x
in the order of inheritance.
Successor(x, curOrder): if x has no children or all of x's children are in curOrder: if x is the king return null else return Successor(x's parent, curOrder) else return x's oldest child who's not in curOrder
For example, assume we have a kingdom that consists of the king, his children Alice and Bob (Alice is older than Bob), and finally Alice's son Jack.
- In the beginning,
curOrder
will be["king"]
. - Calling
Successor(king, curOrder)
will return Alice, so we append tocurOrder
to get["king", "Alice"]
. - Calling
Successor(Alice, curOrder)
will return Jack, so we append tocurOrder
to get["king", "Alice", "Jack"]
. - Calling
Successor(Jack, curOrder)
will return Bob, so we append tocurOrder
to get["king", "Alice", "Jack", "Bob"]
. - Calling
Successor(Bob, curOrder)
will returnnull
. Thus the order of inheritance will be["king", "Alice", "Jack", "Bob"]
.
Using the above function, we can always obtain a unique order of inheritance.
Implement the ThroneInheritance
class:
ThroneInheritance(string kingName)
Initializes an object of theThroneInheritance
class. The name of the king is given as part of the constructor.void birth(string parentName, string childName)
Indicates thatparentName
gave birth tochildName
.void death(string name)
Indicates the death ofname
. The death of the person doesn't affect theSuccessor
function nor the current inheritance order. You can treat it as just marking the person as dead.string[] getInheritanceOrder()
Returns a list representing the current order of inheritance excluding dead people.
Example 1:
Input ["ThroneInheritance", "birth", "birth", "birth", "birth", "birth", "birth", "getInheritanceOrder", "death", "getInheritanceOrder"] [["king"], ["king", "andy"], ["king", "bob"], ["king", "catherine"], ["andy", "matthew"], ["bob", "alex"], ["bob", "asha"], [null], ["bob"], [null]] Output [null, null, null, null, null, null, null, ["king", "andy", "matthew", "bob", "alex", "asha", "catherine"], null, ["king", "andy", "matthew", "alex", "asha", "catherine"]] Explanation ThroneInheritance t= new ThroneInheritance("king"); // order: king t.birth("king", "andy"); // order: king > andy t.birth("king", "bob"); // order: king > andy > bob t.birth("king", "catherine"); // order: king > andy > bob > catherine t.birth("andy", "matthew"); // order: king > andy > matthew > bob > catherine t.birth("bob", "alex"); // order: king > andy > matthew > bob > alex > catherine t.birth("bob", "asha"); // order: king > andy > matthew > bob > alex > asha > catherine t.getInheritanceOrder(); // return ["king", "andy", "matthew", "bob", "alex", "asha", "catherine"] t.death("bob"); // order: king > andy > matthew >bob> alex > asha > catherine t.getInheritanceOrder(); // return ["king", "andy", "matthew", "alex", "asha", "catherine"]
Constraints:
1 <= kingName.length, parentName.length, childName.length, name.length <= 15
kingName
,parentName
,childName
, andname
consist of lowercase English letters only.- All arguments
childName
andkingName
are distinct. - All
name
arguments ofdeath
will be passed to either the constructor or aschildName
tobirth
first. - For each call to
birth(parentName, childName)
, it is guaranteed thatparentName
is alive. - At most
105
calls will be made tobirth
anddeath
. - At most
10
calls will be made togetInheritanceOrder
.
中文题目
一个王国里住着国王、他的孩子们、他的孙子们等等。每一个时间点,这个家庭里有人出生也有人死亡。
这个王国有一个明确规定的皇位继承顺序,第一继承人总是国王自己。我们定义递归函数 Successor(x, curOrder)
,给定一个人 x
和当前的继承顺序,该函数返回 x
的下一继承人。
Successor(x, curOrder): 如果 x 没有孩子或者所有 x 的孩子都在 curOrder 中: 如果 x 是国王,那么返回 null 否则,返回 Successor(x 的父亲, curOrder) 否则,返回 x 不在 curOrder 中最年长的孩子
比方说,假设王国由国王,他的孩子 Alice 和 Bob (Alice 比 Bob 年长)和 Alice 的孩子 Jack 组成。
- 一开始,
curOrder
为["king"]
. - 调用
Successor(king, curOrder)
,返回 Alice ,所以我们将 Alice 放入curOrder
中,得到["king", "Alice"]
。 - 调用
Successor(Alice, curOrder)
,返回 Jack ,所以我们将 Jack 放入curOrder
中,得到["king", "Alice", "Jack"]
。 - 调用
Successor(Jack, curOrder)
,返回 Bob ,所以我们将 Bob 放入curOrder
中,得到["king", "Alice", "Jack", "Bob"]
。 - 调用
Successor(Bob, curOrder)
,返回null
。最终得到继承顺序为["king", "Alice", "Jack", "Bob"]
。
通过以上的函数,我们总是能得到一个唯一的继承顺序。
请你实现 ThroneInheritance
类:
ThroneInheritance(string kingName)
初始化一个ThroneInheritance
类的对象。国王的名字作为构造函数的参数传入。void birth(string parentName, string childName)
表示parentName
新拥有了一个名为childName
的孩子。void death(string name)
表示名为name
的人死亡。一个人的死亡不会影响Successor
函数,也不会影响当前的继承顺序。你可以只将这个人标记为死亡状态。string[] getInheritanceOrder()
返回 除去 死亡人员的当前继承顺序列表。
示例:
输入: ["ThroneInheritance", "birth", "birth", "birth", "birth", "birth", "birth", "getInheritanceOrder", "death", "getInheritanceOrder"] [["king"], ["king", "andy"], ["king", "bob"], ["king", "catherine"], ["andy", "matthew"], ["bob", "alex"], ["bob", "asha"], [null], ["bob"], [null]] 输出: [null, null, null, null, null, null, null, ["king", "andy", "matthew", "bob", "alex", "asha", "catherine"], null, ["king", "andy", "matthew", "alex", "asha", "catherine"]] 解释: ThroneInheritance t= new ThroneInheritance("king"); // 继承顺序:king t.birth("king", "andy"); // 继承顺序:king > andy t.birth("king", "bob"); // 继承顺序:king > andy > bob t.birth("king", "catherine"); // 继承顺序:king > andy > bob > catherine t.birth("andy", "matthew"); // 继承顺序:king > andy > matthew > bob > catherine t.birth("bob", "alex"); // 继承顺序:king > andy > matthew > bob > alex > catherine t.birth("bob", "asha"); // 继承顺序:king > andy > matthew > bob > alex > asha > catherine t.getInheritanceOrder(); // 返回 ["king", "andy", "matthew", "bob", "alex", "asha", "catherine"] t.death("bob"); // 继承顺序:king > andy > matthew > bob(已经去世)> alex > asha > catherine t.getInheritanceOrder(); // 返回 ["king", "andy", "matthew", "alex", "asha", "catherine"]
提示:
1 <= kingName.length, parentName.length, childName.length, name.length <= 15
kingName
,parentName
,childName
和name
仅包含小写英文字母。- 所有的参数
childName
和kingName
互不相同。 - 所有
death
函数中的死亡名字name
要么是国王,要么是已经出生了的人员名字。 - 每次调用
birth(parentName, childName)
时,测试用例都保证parentName
对应的人员是活着的。 - 最多调用
105
次birth
和death
。 - 最多调用
10
次getInheritanceOrder
。
通过代码
高赞题解
单向链表 & 标记删除
根据题意,我们需要将「新儿子」插入到「父亲」的「最后一个儿子」的「儿子们」的后面(注意这是个递归过程);如果该「父亲」还没有任何儿子,则直接插到「父亲」后面。
因此,我们需要在节点 Node
中使用一个 last
记录该节点的「最后一个儿子」,同时因为删除的时候,我们无法在 $O(1)$ 的复杂度内更新 last
信息,所以只能使用「标记删除」的方式。
代码:
class ThroneInheritance {
class Node {
String name;
Node next;
Node last; // 记录最后一个儿子
boolean isDeleted = false;
Node (String _name) {
name = _name;
}
}
Map<String, Node> map = new HashMap<>();
Node head = new Node(""), tail = new Node("");
public ThroneInheritance(String name) {
Node root = new Node(name);
root.next = tail;
head.next = root;
map.put(name, root);
}
public void birth(String pname, String cname) {
Node node = new Node(cname);
map.put(cname, node);
Node p = map.get(pname);
Node tmp = p;
while (tmp.last != null) tmp = tmp.last;
node.next = tmp.next;
tmp.next = node;
p.last = node;
}
public void death(String name) {
Node node = map.get(name);
node.isDeleted = true;
}
public List<String> getInheritanceOrder() {
List<String> ans = new ArrayList<>();
Node tmp = head.next;
while (tmp.next != null) {
if (!tmp.isDeleted) ans.add(tmp.name);
tmp = tmp.next;
}
return ans;
}
}
- 时间复杂度:
birth
和getInheritanceOrder
操作为 $O(n)$;其余操作为 $O(1)$ - 时间复杂度:$O(n)$
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最后
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