原文链接: https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/valid-sudoku

英文原文

Determine if a 9 x 9 Sudoku board is valid. Only the filled cells need to be validated according to the following rules:

1. Each row must contain the digits 1-9 without repetition.
2. Each column must contain the digits 1-9 without repetition.
3. Each of the nine 3 x 3 sub-boxes of the grid must contain the digits 1-9 without repetition.

Note:

• A Sudoku board (partially filled) could be valid but is not necessarily solvable.
• Only the filled cells need to be validated according to the mentioned rules.

 

Example 1:

Input: board = 
[["5","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."]
,["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."]
,[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."]
,["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"]
,["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"]
,["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"]
,[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."]
,[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"]
,[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]]
Output: true

Example 2:

Input: board = 
[["8","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."]
,["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."]
,[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."]
,["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"]
,["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"]
,["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"]
,[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."]
,[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"]
,[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]]
Output: false
Explanation: Same as Example 1, except with the 5 in the top left corner being modified to 8. Since there are two 8's in the top left 3x3 sub-box, it is invalid.

 

Constraints:

• board.length == 9
• board[i].length == 9
• board[i][j] is a digit 1-9 or '.'.

中文题目

请你判断一个 9 x 9 的数独是否有效。只需要 根据以下规则 ，验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。

1. 数字 1-9 在每一行只能出现一次。
2. 数字 1-9 在每一列只能出现一次。
3. 数字 1-9 在每一个以粗实线分隔的 3x3 宫内只能出现一次。（请参考示例图）

 

注意：

• 一个有效的数独（部分已被填充）不一定是可解的。
• 只需要根据以上规则，验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。
• 空白格用 '.' 表示。

 

示例 1：

输入：board = 
[["5","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."]
,["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."]
,[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."]
,["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"]
,["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"]
,["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"]
,[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."]
,[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"]
,[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]]
输出：true

示例 2：

输入：board = 
[["8","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."]
,["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."]
,[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."]
,["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"]
,["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"]
,["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"]
,[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."]
,[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"]
,[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]]
输出：false
解释：除了第一行的第一个数字从 5 改为 8 以外，空格内其他数字均与 示例1 相同。 但由于位于左上角的 3x3 宫内有两个 8 存在, 因此这个数独是无效的。

 

提示：

• board.length == 9
• board[i].length == 9
• board[i][j] 是一位数字（1-9）或者 '.'

通过代码

高赞题解

解题思路

1. 由于board中的整数限定在1到9的范围内，因此可以分别建立哈希表来存储任一个数在相应维度上是否出现过。维度有3个：所在的行，所在的列，所在的box，注意box的下标也是从左往右、从上往下的。

2. 遍历到每个数的时候，例如boar[i][j]，我们判断其是否满足三个条件：

   1. 在第 i 个行中是否出现过
   2. 在第 j 个列中是否出现过
   3. 在第 **j/3 + (i/3)*3**个box中是否出现过.为什么是j/3 + (i/3)*3呢？

3. 关于从数组下标到box序号的变换
    重述一遍问题：给定i和j，如何判定board[i][j]在第几个box呢？
    显然属于第几个box由i和j的组合唯一确定，例如board[2][2]一定是第0个box，board[4][7]一定是第5个box，可以画出来看一下，但是规律在哪里呢？
   我们可以考虑一种简单的情况： 一个3x9的矩阵，被分成3个3x3的box，如图：
   

• 显然每个数属于哪个box就只取决于纵坐标，纵坐标为0/1/2的都属于box[0],纵坐标为3/4/5的都属于box[1],纵坐标为6/7/8的都属于box[2].也就是j/3.
• 而对于9x9的矩阵，我们光根据j/3得到0/1/2还是不够的，可能加上一个3的倍数，例如加0x3,表示本行的box，加1x3，表示在下一行的box，加2x3，表示在下两行的box， 这里的0/1/2怎么来的？和j/3差不多同理，也就是i/3。
• 讲得不是很清楚，大家没懂的话自己再画图呗。
• 注释也很详细，有收获求点赞！

代码

class Solution {
public:
    bool isValidSudoku(vector<vector<char>>& board) {
        int row[9][10] = {0};// 哈希表存储每一行的每个数是否出现过，默认初始情况下，每一行每一个数都没有出现过
        // 整个board有9行，第二维的维数10是为了让下标有9，和数独中的数字9对应。
        int col[9][10] = {0};// 存储每一列的每个数是否出现过，默认初始情况下，每一列的每一个数都没有出现过
        int box[9][10] = {0};// 存储每一个box的每个数是否出现过，默认初始情况下，在每个box中，每个数都没有出现过。整个board有9个box。
        for(int i=0; i<9; i++){
            for(int j = 0; j<9; j++){
                // 遍历到第i行第j列的那个数,我们要判断这个数在其所在的行有没有出现过，
                // 同时判断这个数在其所在的列有没有出现过
                // 同时判断这个数在其所在的box中有没有出现过
                if(board[i][j] == '.') continue;
                int curNumber = board[i][j]-'0';
                if(row[i][curNumber]) return false; 
                if(col[j][curNumber]) return false;
                if(box[j/3 + (i/3)*3][curNumber]) return false;

                row[i][curNumber] = 1;// 之前都没出现过，现在出现了，就给它置为1，下次再遇见就能够直接返回false了。
                col[j][curNumber] = 1;
                box[j/3 + (i/3)*3][curNumber] = 1;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
};

统计信息

通过次数	提交次数	AC比率
222835	349148	63.8%

提交历史

提交时间	提交结果	执行时间	内存消耗	语言

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